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5
November 2004
Excellency,
My term of office as President of the Turkish
Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) is ending in
April 2005 and I do not intend to run for another
term.
The
Greek Cypriot leader Mr. Tassos Papadopoulos,
elected solely by the Greek Cypriots of Cyprus, has
once again been allowed to address the General
Assembly of the United Nations in his false capacity
as the President of the whole island, claiming that
he is able and authorized to speak for and on behalf
of the whole population of Cyprus.
This
may well be the last letter I will be writing to you
as the President of the TRNC. I will therefore use
this opportunity, as someone who has actively tried
for the last fifty years to bring sustainable peace
and stability to Cyprus through a political
arrangement based on the political equality of the
two co-owner peoples of the island, to share my
thoughts with you again making specific reference to
the statement of Mr. Papadopoulos at the General
Debate of the 59th Session of the General
Assembly of the United Nations on 29 September 2004.
I hope and expect that you will bear with me and
with my comprehensive exposé since I strongly
believe that unless we correct the course now
regarding the direction in which we are heading for
a "so called settlement" in Cyprus we may in fact be
preparing the ground for even more serious trouble
and instability in the island and in the region in
future.
H.E. Mr. Kofi
ANNAN
Secretary-General
of the United Nations
New York.
To
start with, let me point out once
again that there is no legal foundation, no
legitimacy in the Greek Cypriot claim that an
administration composed of one hundred percent Greek
Cypriots is the legitimate government of the
Republic of Cyprus. This Republic was a bi-national
partnership Republic established under the
international Cyprus Treaties of 1959/60 on 16
August 1960, with equal political powers vested in
both co-founder partners, who elected their
representatives separately, one not having the right
to speak for or represent the other. As is
well-known there has been no such joint government
in the island since 1963, as a result of the coup
against the partnership state by Archbishop Makarios
and his team of "leaders", in line with the
notorious Akritas Plan which has been published as a
UN document under Document No. A/33/115; S/12722
dated 30 May 1978.
The
treatment afforded to the Greek Cypriot side by the
world at large as "the legitimate government of
Cyprus" - in spite of its record of bloodshed,
terrorism, defiance of the rule of law, the
declaration that the Constitution is dead and
buried, and the importation of Greek arms and troops
to the tune of 20,000 in contravention of Security
Council Resolutions - has been the main obstacle to
a negotiated settlement. The Greek Cypriot
leadership which had failed to achieve its aim of
converting the island into a Greek Cypriot Republic
(and Turkish Cypriots into a protected minority)
prior to uniting the island with Greece, was
deprived of any scintilla of motivation for a
negotiated settlement when its unilateral
application for EU membership was accepted by the EU
as a proper application on behalf of
the whole island. A partnership settlement
would be contrary to the "national will and
testament" of Archbishop Makarios to the effect that
by what he had done (i.e. constituting a 100% Greek
Cypriot administration as the government of the
Republic of Cyprus) he had brought Cyprus to the
nearest point to Enosis (union with Greece) and no
one should make concessions on this, except for
Enosis!
This
is the only main, incontrovertible reason for the
non-settlement of the Cyprus problem over the years.
The acceptance of this one-legged "partnership
state" as a candidate and now a full member of the
EU has finally blocked the way to any settlement
short of the unconditional submission of the Turkish
Cypriot side to the political will of the Greek
Cypriot administration.
With
this short introduction I would like to further
analyse the Statement of Mr. Tassos Papadopoulos at
the General Assembly:
It
hurts the Turkish Cypriot people to listen to Mr.
Papadopoulos talk about his "concerted efforts
to eliminate terrorism and its underlying causes"
when he has publicly lied to the Khaleej Times of 4
September 2004, by declaring that there was not one
single Turkish Cypriot killed during the 1963-1974
period. The era of terror and terrorism cannot be
obliterated from the minds of Turkish Cypriots,
especially when mass graves of civilians, including
16-day old babies, children from one year old to
14-15 years old, aged people of 70-90 years old have
been massacred just because they were Turkish
Cypriots, who opposed Enosis and defended their
vested rights as co-founder partners of the defunct
Republic of 1960. The unforgivable sin of Turkish
Cypriots was not accepting the Greek Cypriot
administration as "the legitimate government of
Cyprus" and not bowing to the offer to become a
minority in a Greek Cyprus as recorded by Mr.
Glafcos Clerides in his memoirs MY DEPOSITION Vol.
3, page 237.
Greek Cypriot
Aim
"The aim of the
Greek Cypriot Constitutional policy in the
talks was a moderate modification of the Plaza
plan, which provided limited participation of
the Turks in the organs of the independent
state of Cyprus, always on a minority basis.
This policy also did not succeed, because the
Turkish side, though more flexible, remained
unretreating on the issue of accepting a
minority status for the Turkish Cypriots."
(From the memoirs
of Mr.Glafcos Clerides,
former Greek Cypriot Leader,
MY DEPOSITION, Vol.3 ,p.237)
For
this sin, 30,000 Turkish Cypriots had to vacate 103
villages and take refuge in safer areas. Moving from
one area to another carried the risk of abduction by
Greek Cypriot police and the gunmen attached to
them. The then Secretary-General reported in his
Report of 12 December 1964 to the Security Council
that 209 Turkish Cypriots were still missing for the
period 1 September 1964 to 12 December 1964 and that
there seemed to be little prospect of finding them
alive! The dead and wounded from 1963 – 1974 run to
more than one thousand. And Mr. Papadopoulos, like
his predecessors, has the cheek to claim that not a
single Turkish Cypriot was killed during this
period, that the Cyprus problem began with the
arrival of Turkish troops in 1974 and that the
problem was one of occupation and the resultant
movement of people who should be entitled to go back
to their homes, while claiming that property
ownership is a human right which has to be honoured
at all costs. The property rights of Turkish
Cypriots who were driven away from 103 villages from
1963 to 1974; and the rights of all of the Turkish
Cypriot population who left everything in the South
after the 1975 Population Exchange Agreement mean
nothing to the Greek Cypriot leadership. Mr.
Papadopoulos is on record as saying that Turkish
Cypriot claims will be taken up after the settlement
of the Cyprus problem, which as I indicated above,
will have to wait until eternity, i.e. the time
Turkish Cypriots will bow to Greek Cypriot
domination and accept to be a minority in a Greek
Cyprus!
Mr.
Papadopoulos alleges that the Republic of Cyprus
(meaning the one they hijacked in name, and
destroyed in fact) "supports the strengthening
of the UN system". If so, he should stop
exploiting the UN system by falsely alleging at UN
platforms that he represents Cyprus and that "the
problem" started in 1974 with the arrival of Turkey.
At least the UN knows that the problem arose eleven
years earlier in 1963, because UNFICYP has been
stationed in Cyprus since March 1964 in order to
prevent the utter destruction of the Turkish Cypriot
people.
If
Mr. Papadopoulos is sincere on his views about the
Israeli-Palestinian question, then it is high time
he had a second look at Cyprus, where violence ended
only with the arrival of Turkey in 1974, saving not
only Turkish Cypriot lives but also tens of
thousands of Greek Cypriot lives. The then
Secretary- General of AKEL, the Greek Cypriot
communist party, is on record saying that ten
thousand AKEL members were on the "execution list of
the Junta"! So, what Mr. Papadopoulos wants for the
Israeli-Palestinian dispute, namely "the arrest of
violence", has already happened in Cyprus, thanks to
the sacrifices of Turkey, who lost nearly one
thousand lives in her attempt to bring peace and
stability to the island.
Mr.
Papadopoulos wants more emphasis to be given to
improving living conditions in order to normalize
people’s lives to the greatest possible extent. How
decent of him to say so, but in Cyprus he has
followed exactly the contrary policy for forty years
in order to bring Turkish Cypriots to heel, and even
now, in EU circles, he is doing his utmost in order
to prevent the EU honouring its promises to the
Turkish Cypriot side that it would lift embargoes if
they voted "yes" in the referendum! Such a
hypocritical approach should not be "let past" by
the United Nations.
Again Mr.
Papadopoulos says, and I quote,
"Our support remains focused on
the end of the occupation and on a just and viable
settlement, based on UN resolutions and for the
realization of the aspirations of the Palestinian
people for the establishment of an independent
state, living side by side with Israel, in
conditions of sustainable peace and security."
Applying the same phraseology and logic, Turkish
Cypriots have been seeking a viable, sustainable
peace and security for the last forty years and have
been waiting for the end of the occupation of the
seat of the partnership government by the Greek
Cypriot side. Turkish Cypriots have been waiting for
an acknowledgement by the Greek Cypriot side (as
confirmed in the separate simultaneous referenda of
April 24, 2004) that it has no mandate to claim to
represent "The Republic of Cyprus" (which they
destroyed in 1963 by ejecting Turkish Cypriots from
it) nor have they any right to represent Turkish
Cypriots or impose their political will on the
Turkish Cypriot people. We have been expecting Greek
Cypriot leaders to acknowledge the wrongs done to
Turkish Cypriots from 1963 to 1974 and to start
negotiations on effective compensation as a way for
starting a meaningful dialogue for peaceful,
side-by-side co-existence which is the only way for
bringing about a new partnership between the two
peoples of Cyprus. Continuing the illegal occupation
of the seat of government, pretending that the
Republic of Cyprus is still functional, alleging
that all was well and peaceful in the island until
Turkey came and occupied Cyprus is not the way to a
viable and sustainable solution.
Since
Mr. Papadopoulos underlined in his Statement in New
York the undeniable truth that "the aspiration
of humanity revolves around achieving the full
respect of human rights, democracy, and the rule of
law", the Turkish Cypriot people call upon
him to implement in Cyprus what he preached in New
York. What is the position of Turkish Cypriots
(since 1963) as regards human rights? How can anyone
speak about human rights without conceding to a
politically equal people the right to choose their
own representatives? Is this not "the
fundamental basis for human dignity and happiness"?
How can the Greek Cypriot leadership on their own
claim to represent Cyprus and to be the government
of Cyprus and deny Turkish Cypriots their
democratic/ constitutional right to elect their own
representatives and choose their own government?
Mr.
Papadopoulos is proud that "Cyprus is now a
full member of the EU". He should be proud
of succeeding in his misrepresentations to the EU
countries that he represents the whole of Cyprus and
all of its people. By now everyone knows that there
exists a second people in the island, who have given
no mandate to any Greek Cypriot leader to represent
them internationally or otherwise. That is why the
Greek Cypriot leadership has not been able to extend
its illegal occupation to North Cyprus and that is
why the EU now realizes what a big mistake has been
made in allowing the Greek Cypriot application to
proceed to full membership!
On
Cyprus, Mr. Papadopoulos, in complete forgetfulness
of the 1963-1974 period, the notorious Akritas Plan
of which he was one of the architects and
implementers, and in complete disregard of the
destroyed rights of Turkish Cypriots and the
isolation into which they have been thrust for the
last 40 years, has again misrepresented the problem
by saying, "This year marks 30 years since the
occupation of Cyprus territory as a result of the
invasion of the island by Turkish troops".
Mr. Papadopoulos forgets one glaring reality,
endorsed several times by the Security Council, that
"Cyprus is the homeland of both peoples".
Hence, the military attempt of one of them to
convert the joint homeland into "His homeland" and
then hand it over to Greece, and the resistance of
Turkish Cypriots to this attempt, in saving their
share in the homeland, is THE Cyprus problem!
Therefore, Turkey’s arrival in 1974 (after
witnessing the attempt for eleven years to wipe off
the map all Turkish Cypriots) the arrival of Turkey
under the powers given to it by the 1960
international Treaties and the Constitution is not
"occupation of Cyprus", but preventing the
occupation of the Turkish Cypriot HOME by Greek
Cypriots helped by Greece! It is high time all
concerned had a second look at the facts and
re-diagnosed the Cyprus problem thus getting rid of
the confusion created by Greece and Greek Cypriot
lobbying.
As to
the "relentless efforts by the Greek Cypriots
(for 30 years) to achieve a just and peaceful
settlement" I have nothing to add to the
statements of all those who declared that they were
deceived by the Greek Cypriot leadership into
believing that the Greek Cypriot side really wanted
a just and peaceful settlement. What Greek Cypriot
leaders wanted – and now want – is international
confirmation that they are the owners, the only
people of Cyprus and that Turkish Cypriots are a
mere minority amongst the people of Cyprus!
After
the double referenda in the island, the historical
truth that there are two separate peoples in the
island, equal in status, has become so apparent that
it should need no further effort or argument to
convince all onlookers and all EU countries that one
of these two peoples can in no way represent the
other, or speak for the whole island. It is high
time therefore to correct past images, re-visit old
Resolutions which have no bearing on reality and
tell Mr. Papadopoulos that "he truly
represents 75% of the Greek Cypriot people who have
voted that they do not want a partnership with
Turkish Cypriots on the basis of equality".
Hence he should have no further say about how the EU
deals with the people in the North.
It is
unfortunate that neither the EU nor the UN has found
time to have an impartial diagnosis of what "the
Cyprus problem" is all about. Is it a problem which
began in 1974 with the arrival of Turkey, or is it a
Greek / Greek Cypriot attempt to convert a
partnership Republic into a Greek Cypriot Republic
by eliminating or suppressing the "Turkish Cypriot
partner"? The remedy for each problem is different.
Recognition of the Turkish Cypriot partner’s equal
sovereign status and the right of the Turkish
Cypriot people to self-determination is the avenue
through which the problem can be solved, which has,
in fact, half-solved itself by both
sides agreeing, at least in theory, on
geographical separation, exchange of population,
political equality and co-operation for
international purposes at the very top. It is also
agreed by all concerned that one side has no right
to speak for, or represent the other, as
re-established anew in the April 2004 referenda. So,
how can Mr. Papadopoulos ignore all these realities
and still address the United Nations as the
President of Cyprus! He is President of the Greek
Cypriots who elected him and has no mandate to talk
for, and on behalf of, the Turkish Cypriot people.
Turkish Cypriots have been facing an attempt at
colonization by Greek / Greek Cypriot forces for the
last 40 years. And this threat continues unabated
because the Greek Cypriot side still claims the
right to overpower Turkish Cypriots in the North. It
is this danger which the world should eliminate by
telling the Greek Cypriot side that they have no
such right; that property questions which affect
both sides equally can be settled (and should have
been settled long ago) through property exchange and
just compensation and that the claim to return en
masse to their properties will endanger any peaceful
co-existence in the future.
Luckily for all concerned, President of the Greek
Cypriot Bar Association has put it on record that
the property question affects both sides and that
this problem should be handled politically.
Asked
about the Greek Cypriot Supreme Court decision to
return his property back to a Turkish Cypriot living
in South Cyprus, he said (Cyprus Mail, 29 September
2004):
"The court decided
outside of today’s realities in Cyprus. It
dealt with individual rights to property
protected in the Constitution and the European
Convention of Human Rights. But the problem is
not legal, it’s political, and won’t be solved
by an appeal or even suspending the decision
until the appeal is over. It needs a political
solution…"
The
support of the international community given to the
Greek Cypriots in their "relentless efforts to
achieve a just and peaceful settlement" has
so far been based on misinformation and
misconceptions, and therefore is baseless because of
the fact that there has not been an impartial
diagnosis of the problem! Therefore what was
supported (and what is being supported) till today
cannot be described as "efforts for the
settlement of the Cyprus problem" but rather
as "efforts for settling the problem in line
with Greek Cypriot policy" - which is
tantamount to depriving Turkish Cypriots of their
basic corporate rights as the co-founders of the
1960 Republic.
I
adopt and repeat Mr. Papadopoulos’s statement to the
effect that "the question and eagerness for a
solution never meant that we would accept any
settlement proposed, nor that we would embark on an
adventure, condemned to fail with irreversible
consequences". This statement is more than
just a statement for Turkish Cypriots who were led
to believe that the 1960 Agreements, guaranteed by
three powers, with Turkey and Greece maintaining a
token force in the island, was a foolproof guarantee
against any Greek Cypriot attempt to unite the
island with Greece. We were grossly deceived, and in
the 40th year we are expected to sign another
paper-agreement and abandon our solid foundation as
a sovereign Republic in the North and rely on the
good-will of the Greek Cypriot side, which has lied
even to its own people about the events of
1963-1974, making the Greek Cypriot youth believe
that until 1974 all was peaceful and friendly with
Turkish Cypriots who, all of a sudden, in 1974
changed their minds and helped Turkey to invade
Cyprus and, thus, did all the harm to them in
complete disloyalty to Cyprus and to their Greek
Cypriot brothers and sisters. This kind of an
approach only helps the cultivation of enmity
against Turkish Cypriots and Turkey and the
continuation of the demand for retribution. It is,
therefore, relevant to quote here a statement from a
book entitled "Barbarism Against the Turkish
Cypriots - The Other Side of the Coin"
by
Antonis Angastiniotis recently published.
"Most of the Greek
Cypriot youth know very little about the
incidents, which led to the partition of the
island. The tragic events of 1974 have been
used as a huge camouflage covering the prior
events, which initially caused the partition
of the Island. It has always annoyed me to see
in the history books taught in our schools,
that after a lengthy explanation of the heroic
deeds of EOKA members, a big leap to 1974 is
made. Either no incident took place between
1960 and 1974, or nobody wants to discuss the
incidents of this period. While researching
the developments of the period, I came to the
conclusion that the second is the case."
Mr.
Antonis Angastiniotis has made public that his book
(and the documentary he prepared as a result of his
discovery) was not allowed to be circulated in the
South. Here is his statement:
WHY AM I
DIGGING UP THE PAST?
"....I
am repeatedly asked why do I scratch old
wounds and not let the past be forgotten. The
answer is quite simple: Because the wounds are
not old… Had they been so, we wouldn’t still
have mourning mothers in black garments,
weapons, soldiers and barricades around us.
Although I am a person who has been
permanently residing on this island for the
last forty years, I have begun to discover the
other side of the realities on the Island only
last year, and every reality I discover leaves
a deep scar on my soul.
When you manage to
jump over the propaganda wall and realize that
half of the truth has been deliberately
distorted and hidden from you, suddenly the
past becomes a frightening present. You
realize that if you are curious to discover
further truths, you have to dig the soil hard
enough for your hands to start bleeding. If
you speak your mind, you run the risk of being
branded as a traitor, your life comes under
threat and most of your friends turn their
backs on you. You might even be left
completely alone..."
In
view of the fact that Mr. Papadopoulos denies the
mass murders, destruction of villages and what
Turkish Cypriots suffered as a result of the
destruction of the partnership Republic in 1963 in
the name of Enosis, (neo-colonization of the Turkish
Cypriots by uniting the island with Greece) it is
relevant that I should quote some of the news items
from the international press of those days:
TURKS BRUTALLY
MURDERED
"It is nonsense to
claim, as the Greeks do, that all casualties
were caused by fighting between armed men of
both sides. On Christmas Eve many Turkish
people were brutally attacked and murdered in
their suburban homes, including the wife and
three small children of the Turkish head of
army medical services - allegedly by a group
of forty men, many in army boots and
greatcoats."
31 December 1963 DAILY
HERALD (London)
IN A SILENT
VILLAGE IN ONE NIGHT OF TERROR 350 MEN, WOMEN
AND CHILDREN VANISHED
"In this village
of shame today I found grim evidence of the
hatred between Greek and Turk that has
bedevilled this beautiful island. A few days
ago, 1,000 people lived here, in their solid,
stone built homes which hug the coast road to
Kyrenia, 13 miles from Nicosia. Then in a
night of terror 350 villagers - men, women and
children - vanished. They were all Turks.
Today I was one of two British correspondents
to drive to the village to investigate the
mystery. In the dusty village street I found
hungry Greek children playing listlessly. From
doorways men and women eyed me suspiciously.
When I asked where are the Turks, the women
averted their gaze. The men shuffled their
feet and said "We don’t know. They just left."
Peter Moorhead reporting
from the village of Skylloura, Cyprus.
1 January 1964
DAILY HERALD (London)
AN APPALLING SIGHT
"….And when I came
across the Turkish homes they were an
appalling sight. Apart from the walls, they
just did not exist. I doubt if a napalm bomb
attack could have created more devastation. I
counted 40 blackened brick and concrete
‘shells’ that had once been homes. Each house
had been deliberately fired by petrol. Under
red tile roofs which had caved in, I found a
twisted mass of bed springs, children’s cots
and cribs, and ankle deep grey ashes of what
had once been chairs, tables, wardrobes…."
In the
neighbouring village of Ayios Vassilios, a
mile away, I counted 16 wrecked and burned out
homes. They were all Turkish. From this
village more than 100 Turks had also vanished.
In neither village did I find a scrap of
damage to any Greek house."
1
January 1964
DAILY SKETCH (London)
SAVAGERY OF EOKA
MEN
" .
. Turkish homes in the city
had been set ablaze by arrows tipped with
paraffin-soaked rags, and hundreds of hard
core EOKA men were prowling towns and villages
under arms."
Reported by Louis Kirby from
Nicosia.
2
January 1964
DAILY TELEGRAPH (London)
TURKS TO BE
EXTERMINATED
"... On the Greek
Cypriot side the extremists resent President
Makarios’s acceptance of British intervention
and would have preferred the fighting to
continue, leading to the extermination of the
Turkish community."
4
January 1964
NEW YORK HERALD TRIBUNE
The
UN Secretary General’s report of 12 December 1964,
S6102, stated:
"In the report of
10 September, it was indicated that as of 1
September, 232 Turkish Cypriots were missing,
according to the list compiled by the Turkish
Cypriot Missing Persons Bureau. Since that
date, UNFICYP was informed that twenty-three
Turkish Cypriots have been accounted for and
their names have been deleted from the list of
missing persons; this leaves 209 Turkish
Cypriots still missing. Efforts to trace those
missing will be continued by ICRC and UNFICYP,
but there seems to be little prospect of
finding them alive."
The
UN Secretary-General’s report of 15 June 1964,
S/5764 stated:
"…According to
information received from the Joint Relief
Commission, there are approximately 55,000
Turkish Cypriots in need of relief in the form
of basic foodstuffs and medical supplies. Of
the total number, approximately 16,900 have
left their homes and moved to other villages
and towns. Of these, about 60 per cent are
living in the Nicosia and Kyrenia Districts.
It is reported that a total of eighty-six
villages have received refugees. The supplies
for the relief rations and other aid such as
clothes and medicines have been donated to the
Turkish Cypriot Communal Chamber by the
Turkish Red Crescent Society with Headquarters
in Ankara. Five shipments consisting of
approximately 3,231 tons have so far arrived
in Cyprus…"
"…Around Nicosia
there exist three refugee camps where 1,500
persons are living in tents. Over half of them
are children and there is great concern about
their health during the summer months when the
heat will cause dehydration, particularly in
the very young and the old…"
Below
are some quotations from the World Press at the time
of the Greek military coup in 1974 and the Turkish
intervention which followed:
"…15 July is an
invasion. It is a clear attack from the
outside and a flagrant violation of the
independence and sovereignty of the Republic
of Cyprus. The invasion is continuing as long
as there are Greek officers in Cyprus."
The address of
Archbishop Makarios, President of the Cyprus
Republic, to
the UN Security Council on 19 July 1974
This
is what Sampson, who was made "President" of Cyprus
by the Greek Junta after the coup, but forced out by
the Turkish intervention, said:
"I was about to
proclaim Enosis when I quit."
Nicos Sampson,
reported in the
CYPRUS MAIL, 17 July 1974
TOURIST’S GRIM ACCOUNT OF BURIALS
IN MASS GRAVES
"…After landing at
RAF Lyneham, Wiltshire, Mr. Derek Reed, aged
31, said he had seen bodies being buried in a
mass grave near Paphos after last Monday’s
coup.
"People who were
told by Makarios to lay down their guns were
shot out of hand by the National Guard", he
said "they were buried in mass graves."
THE TIMES, 22 July 1974
The
Times’s correspondent, David Leigh, wrote:
"Thousands of
Turkish Cypriots were taken hostage after the
invasion of Cyprus, Turkish women were raped,
children were shot in the street and the
Turkish quarter of Limasol was burnt out by
the National Guard."
David Leigh, THE
TIMES (of London)
23 July 1974, p.1b&c
Jean
Neuvecelle of France Soir too witnessed many acts of
barbarity in the Famagusta region. "I saw with
my own eyes the shameful incidents", he
wrote, and continued:
"The Greeks burned
Turkish mosques and set fire to Turkish homes…
Defenceless Turkish villagers, who have no
weapons, live in an atmosphere of terror,
created by the Greek marauders… The Turks who
can save their lives run to the nearby hills
and are able to do nothing but watch the
callous looting of their homes."
FRANCE SOIR,
Issue of July 24, 1974
On
the Annan Plan, which Mr. Papadopoulos led his
people to reject by 75% "No" votes, I can say little
except endorse your views, Mr. Secretary-General,
stated in your Report of 28 May 2004 where you say
that "What was rejected was the solution
itself rather than a mere blueprint"
(para.83).
That
this was the position of each and every leader with
whom I negotiated as from 1968 has been my confirmed
view. As long as the Greek Cypriot wing of a
partnership state (which was destroyed by Greek
Cypriots in order to hijack it and move into
Enosis), is treated as "the government of Cyprus",
they feel they have succeeded and that no one can
deprive them of their "claim of legitimacy" over the
whole island". In other words, Greek Cypriots are
refusing to compromise on a problem which has
already been settled in their favour. They do not
need Turkish Cypriots in order to be "the legitimate
government of Cyprus" because – contrary to the Rule
of Law and the facts – they are treated as such by
all concerned. So why should they re-establish a
partnership with Turkish Cypriots who, inevitably,
they believe and expect, will collapse as a result
of the isolation that they have imposed on them.
Unfortunately, all those who have accepted the Greek
Cypriot side, in complete disregard of its long
standing previous record of violations of human
rights, treat Turkish Cypriot resistance to the
Greek Cypriot attempt to impose its political will
on them as "intransigence". Hence the refusal of the
Greek Cypriot side to compromise on the title of
"the government of Cyprus", well knowing that
Turkish Cypriots will never concede this hijacked
title to them.
Mr.
Papadopoulos alleges that the Greek Cypriot side
"is committed to a
solution which will ensure the reunification of the
country, its economy and its people".
This
commitment is based on the idea that there is only
one people in Cyprus. This has to be corrected if
reunification is the aim. You cannot unify ONE
people. There are two peoples in Cyprus of different
ethnic origin, different religion and language, with
diversely opposing national affiliation. It was the
trick resorted to by Greece and the Greek Cypriot
side asking for self-determination for the people
of Cyprus, as a means for achieving Enosis, as far
back as 1954 when they applied to the United
Nations. The immediate reaction of Turkish Cypriots
and of Turkey was that the Greek Cypriot people
could not speak for the whole island; there were two
peoples in Cyprus and one of them could not, through
the use of the right of self-determination, impose
its will on the other and colonize it by uniting the
island with Greece. By 1956, the British colonial
government conceded the fact that the right of
self-determination, in the case of Cyprus, if used,
would be used by the two sides separately. The then
British Colonial Secretary Alan Lennox Boyd said:
"When the
international and strategic situation
permits, and provided self-government is
working satisfactorily, Her Majesty’s
Government will be ready to review the
question of the application of
self-determination.
When the time
comes for this review, that is, when these
conditions have been fulfilled, it will be
the purpose of Her Majesty’s Government to
ensure that any exercise of
self-determination should be effected in
such a manner that the Turkish Cypriot
community, no less than the Greek Cypriot
community, shall, in the special
circumstances of Cyprus, be given freedom to
decide for themselves their future status.
In other words, Her Majesty’s Government
recognise that the exercise of
self-determination in such a mixed
population must include partition among the
eventual options."
(Statement on Cyprus in the UK House
of Commons on 19 December 1956)
British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan confirmed
later that:
"If in the long
run our hopes are dashed and every effort
fails; if we are thrown back on other
solutions which we all agree would be
undesirable, then Her Majesty’s Government
will stand by their pledges. These, of
course, include among others those contained
in the statement which my Right Hon. Friend,
the Colonial Secretary, made on 19 December
1956."
(Statement on
Cyprus in the UK House of Commons on 26 June
1958 during a debate of the Macmillan Plan)
It
was this reality which led Greece and the Greek
Cypriot side to agree to a partnership Republic on
the basis of political equality and functional
federation. The Greek Cypriot leadership, however,
set on a course, at the outset, to destroy this
partnership and unite the island with Greece at all
costs. Their destructive criminal activities did not
in any way "evaporate" the right of
self-determination of the Turkish Cypriot people.
This was proved at the double referenda of April
2004.
It is
relevant to mention here that my proposal, in the
course of the negotiations, to put in the Annan Plan
that two peoples exist in Cyprus and that it is
these politically equal peoples, ex-partners, who
are going to be reunified under a new, bi-zonal
partnership, was totally rejected by the Greek
Cypriot side. "There is only one people, composed of
two communities" I was told. It is, therefore, sad
that there has been no change at all in the Greek
Cypriot attitude to this day.
The
country has been divided because of the Greek
Cypriot attempt to nullify the Turkish Cypriot
homeland and convert the bi-communal partnership
Republic into a Greek Cypriot Republic. It can be
reunified by conceding the right of the Turkish
Cypriots to keep a safe homeland in the North in a
bi-zonal set-up, provided the Greek Cypriot demand
to be the government of all the island is cast
aside.
If
the fact that sovereignty emanates equally (as also
spelt out in the UN Set of Ideas of 1992) from the
two peoples (ex co-founder partners of the hijacked
Republic of Cyprus) is accepted, then it would be
quite easy to establish a bi-zonal federation /
confederation and to unify the island under that
roof. All that is needed for re-unification is for
the Greek Cypriot side to abandon the idea that they
are (or will ever be accepted by Turkish Cypriots)
to be the legitimate government of Cyprus. This is
what has impeded a settlement for 40 years. The
governments which have been misled into believing
that the problem in Cyprus is the attempt to divide
a unitary state and a Cypriot nation, should awake
to the fact that there has never been a unitary
state and a Cypriot nation, and that what has fallen
apart are the two co-founder partners of a
partnership state because the Greek Cypriot partner
decided to take over the partnership and convert it
into a Greek Cypriot state. This is confirmed in the
following statement of the former Greek Cypriot
President, Mr. Glafcos Clerides, who is considered
to be a moderate by many in the international
community:
GREEK CYPRIOT
PREOCCUPATION
"Just as
the Greek Cypriot preoccupation was that
Cyprus should be a Greek Cypriot state, with a
protected Turkish Cypriot minority, the
Turkish preoccupation was to defeat any such
effort and to maintain the partnership
concepts, which in their opinion the Zurich
Agreement created between the two communities.
The conflict, therefore, was a conflict of
principle and for that principle both sides
were prepared to go on arguing an even, if
need be, to fight, rather than compromise.
The same principle
is still in conflict, even today, though a
federal solution has been accepted – and
though a federation is nothing more than a
constitutional partnership of the component
states, provinces or cantons which make up the
federation.
(From
the memoirs of Mr. Glafcos Clerides,
former
Greek Cypriot Leader,
MY DEPOSITION, Vol. 3, p.105)
On
another count, Mr. Papadopoulos wants "the
withdrawal of Turkish troops". This will
naturally happen when there is an agreed settlement.
Until then, contrary to the claim of the
self-appointed "government of Cyprus", which
continues to feel entitled to take over the North
and to allow Greece to maintain military bases on
the island, Turkish Cypriots are under constant
threat and they need the protection of the Turkish
army. Some argue that 25-30 thousand soldiers are
too many, without realizing that with their
well-trained reserves of about 70-80 thousand, the
Greek Cypriots can summon a force of 100 thousand in
24-48 hours. Every able bodied Greek Cypriot living
along the border villages is equipped with military
weapons and ammunition. The threat to Turkish
Cypriots who reject the title of the Greek Cypriots
to be the government of Cyprus is real, and will be
greater and more real once Turkish soldiers leave
the island. For Turkish Cypriots, this is a vital
security matter.
Then,
Mr. Papadopoulos wants "the settlers" to leave the
island. What he calls settlers are Turkish men and
women who came to the island under an agreement
between the TRNC and Turkey to make-up for the gap
in the employment needs of the Turkish Cypriot
economy.
Some
of these people, who stayed in North Cyprus for more
than five years and integrated into the economy and
society, have acquired TRNC citizenship. Some have
married local girls, and have children, now at
university age. They have put their efforts into the
economy of the land and they are part of the life of
what makes the TRNC. Without them the economy would
collapse, agriculture die, the construction sector
would come to a standstill, and the tourism sector
dwindle, creating a vacuum from which Greek Cypriots
wish to benefit
The
phenomenon of immigrants and "foreign workers", who
eventually acquire the citizenship of the land where
they have been working for more than five years, is
an accepted practice all over the world. The TRNC
should not be treated any differently.
Indeed, Mrs. Katy Clerides, an enlightened Greek
Cypriot politician, the daughter of Mr. Glafcos
Clerides, the ex President of the Greek Cypriot
side, told the daily Turkish Cypriot newspaper "K ýbrýs”
on 25 August 2004 that these people should not be
treated as Mr. Papadopoulos wants them to be
treated: pushed out of Cyprus!
She
stated:
"While many Greek
Cypriots may not like what I say, it is a fact
that the hearts of many settlers beat here,
because they grew up here, went to school here
and this is the only place they know…"
She
came under fierce criticism in South Cyprus for her
comments but defended her views in the Greek Cypriot
daily newspaper "Alithia" on 22 September 2004 when
she stated:
"Unfortunately the
demand for the expelling of all settlers does
not find support in the international arena.
Therefore, we have to understand that some
settlers will remain in Cyprus after a
settlement"
Indeed the Greek Cypriot leadership’s view is that
all Turkish Cypriots are "four hundred years
old guests in Cyprus"! Hence the demand that
so called "settlers" leave the island "for the sake
of a settlement." Leaving Turkish Cypriots
stateless, ousted from all organs of the Republic in
the hope that we would collapse, has given us the
right to survive as a Communal Corporate political
body at all costs, rather than bow to the status of
a minority in a Greek Cyprus. Mr. Papadopoulos is
complaining because we took care of our collective
rights, our people and our economy. He has no right
to dictate to us now who should be our citizen and
who should not.
On
the Greek Cypriot side, over the years and as from
1960, quite a number of soldiers serving in the
Greek contingent were given Cyprus passports and
citizenship and kept in the island in preparation
for the 1963 onslaught on us. Several of these young
men were found in hiding during the war of 1974 and
they were handed over to the Greek Cypriot side,
some of them by myself. "Pontus Greeks", to the tune
of 20,000, have been imported into the island in
order to boost the population ratio while Orthodox
Christians from Russia and other places have been
given Cyprus citizenship for the same purpose.
The
number of Turkish Cypriots who emigrated from the
island after the onslaught of 1963 to this day
because of the economic restrictions imposed on us
cannot be minimized. Many Turkish Cypriots look upon
higher education as a means to overcome the
isolation imposed upon them and emigrate from the
island, in search of jobs, especially to Turkey,
Great Britain and recently to the United States,
resulting in a brain-drain. Therefore, there are not
many Turkish Cypriot men left for technical jobs, or
jobs in the construction, tourism and agricultural
sectors. But for the so-called "settlers", who fill
up the jobs for which there are not enough Turkish
Cypriots, our economic life would come to a
standstill.
Mr.
Papadopoulos wants "respect of human rights
for all Cyprus". If he is sincere, he should
start paying compensation to Turkish Cypriots for
destroying their lives, expectations and honour, as
well as their houses and property since 1963 to this
day. He should agree to the setting up of a joint
board to determine the damage caused and how this
could be compensated and should agree to stop its
unjustly acquired advantage of legitimacy to thrash
Turkish Cypriots and Turkey through unilateral
action. He should concede that it is against any
notion of human rights to destroy peoples lives, to
oust people from their homes, force them to live in
enclaves, deny all their constitutional and human
rights, relentlessly destroy their economy, and
then, after a voluntary exchange of populations and
political agreement on bi-zonality, insist on the
right to return of all "refugees" (forgetting the 40
year occupation of the seat of the partnership
government and that what has come about since then
is a result of that occupation) and try to sever all
Turkish Cypriots from the roots that they have
established over the last 30 years as a consequence
of the agreement on bi-zonality. And when one
Turkish Cypriot who has chosen to live in the South
wins his case for the return of his property, the
whole Greek Cypriot population rises in alarm!
We
invite Mr. Papadopoulos and all concerned, including
the ECHR, to accept the ruling of the Greek Cypriot
Attorney-General that these property questions
should be settled politically and that courts cannot
deal with them disregarding the political realities.
Mr.
Papadopoulos wants underlying structures for a
functioning economy, the functioning and workability
of the new state of affairs, the just resolution of
the land and property issues in accordance with the
decisions of the ECHR, and the respect for the right
of return of "refugees." All these, put together in
the light of the Greek Cypriot view that until 1974
there was nothing wrong in Cyprus; that all was
peaceful etc; that the government of Cyprus consists
of 100% Greek Cypriots; that what is needed is the
satisfaction of the Greek Cypriot side on all these
issues, indicate that Mr. Papadopoulos is not after
an agreed solution in the form of a new partnership
but merely after the extension of Greek Cypriot
authority to the North; in other words, a return to
pre-1974.
"The most
paramount feature of any settlement is the ability
to install a sense of security into the people",
says Mr. Papadopoulos. True! In Cyprus, who needed
more sense of security in the face of the "Enosis
Movement" conducted by the Church and its leader,
who became "the President of Cyprus"? The 1960
Agreements had devised the tripartite system of
guarantee to give this sense of security to both
parties. Now the party who deliberately destroyed
this, and put the lives and liberties of Turkish
Cypriots at great risk, continues to claim to be the
government of all in need of further security.
The
statement of Mr. Papadopoulos that, "The
mistakes of the past must not be repeated"
could have meant a great deal to us had he
acknowledged, apologized and compensated Turkish
Cypriots for all the damage his side caused in the
name of Enosis. It is high time for Mr. Papadopoulos
to comprehend and consider the realities which the
preparation and application of the destructive
policy embodied in the Akritas Plan have created in
the island. Basing himself on a self-assumed title,
he cannot forever claim the right to extend his
authority to the North. If this intention continues,
then partnership and unification cannot be an option
for Cyprus until the Greek Cypriot side changes
course and accepts the realities they created with
guns.
As he
says, "the people who will have to live with
any solution are in the best position to judge what
is suitable for them". The Greek Cypriot
people are as much entitled to decide what is best
for them as Turkish Cypriot people are. In Cyprus,
these decisions have to coincide for a fair
settlement to be achieved. For this to happen, it is
necessary that the contestants are on a par and one
of them is not allowed, any longer, to continue to
claim to be the legitimate government of the other,
or of all Cyprus. This position is not tenable under
the Rule of Law, and the facts and realities of the
last 40 years do not support such a spurious claim.
A settlement on misconception or on illegalities
cannot last even if forced down the throats of the
two parties. What is wanted is truth, what is needed
is an impartial diagnosis of the problem; what is
wanted is respect for the equality of the two
parties, and treating Turkish Cypriots merely as 25%
of the population whose rights should be protected
in a settlement is not equality. Turkish Cypriots
are one of the two peoples, one of the two national
units who will either live side by side without
unification, or will work out the principles of a
new permanent partnership which will enable them to
co-operate (as good neighbours who need and respect
each other) in the international arena for the good
of both sides.
It is
regrettable that Mr. Papadopoulos, who has put up
all the obstacles and created all the difficulties
preventing the EU from making life easier for
Turkish Cypriots, can afford to state to the august
body of the UN General Assembly that his government
"is pursuing policies aiming to enhance the
economic development of the Turkish Cypriots".
The record of obstacles is very long and evident. I
need not elaborate on it. All "openings" promised by
Mr. Papadopoulos aim at forcing Turkish Cypriots to
accept his authority as the legitimate government of
Cyprus. This, of course, is quite unacceptable to
the Turkish Cypriots.
It
will be a repetition on my part to re-state what the
problem is not, in view of the statement by
Mr. Papadopoulos that, "This problem is the
result of a military invasion and continued
occupation of part of the territory of a sovereign
state". This sovereign state was a
partnership state, the homeland of both co-founder
national Communities. The criminal Greek and Greek
Cypriot conspiracy to take over the whole island and
convert it into a Greek land with the resultant
national resistance of the Turkish Cypriot partner
to save its share of the homeland and prevent the
colonization of the state is the
Cyprus problem. It is this resistance of Turkish
Cypriots which prevented the colonization of the
island! Mr. Papadopoulos cannot claim unilaterally
the right to speak for the sovereign state which his
policies have split into two. The double referenda
in which he took part for and on behalf of the Greek
Cypriot people is a clear answer to such a claim. He
has no right, no mandate to speak for Turkish
Cypriots, or to accuse Turkey, which sacrificed her
sons in order to prevent the colonization of the
island. It is due to Turkey’s efforts and sacrifices
that there still exist a chance for unifying the
island, otherwise it could have been colonized by
Greece in spite of the 1960 International Treaties
which were devised in order to prevent such an
eventuality.
On
the question of the missing persons issue, Mr.
Papadopoulos is well aware that the autonomous
Missing Persons Committee (MPC), established by the
UN, was constantly undermined by his representatives
who refused to strike out any of the names of those
who were confirmed as having been killed, thus
proving, later at the ECHR, "the ineffectiveness" of
this committee as a propaganda tool against Turkey.
90% of Turkish Cypriot missing persons are unarmed
civilians including babies, young mothers, old
grandparents, children of 9 months to 4-5 years, all
elementary school children aged 11 in one village,
whereas 90% of Greek Cypriot alleged "missing
persons" are soldiers, armed militia who are known
to have died in combat and, due to the summer heat
buried wherever they fell dead. We tried to send
over to the Greek Cypriot side the initial Greek /
Greek Cypriot soldiers killed in the first day of
the fighting but the "officers" of Mr. Nicos Sampson
refused to take them. Thus, they had to be buried on
the Turkish Cypriot side.
Furthermore, the Greek Cypriot leadership has not
accounted for the intra-Greek killings and mass
murders between 15 – 20 July 1974, some of whose
graves are on the territory of the TRNC, but Greek
Cypriot leaders have consistently refused to give us
information about these burial places because they
have listed all these Greek Cypriots killed by Greek
Cypriots on the missing persons list in order to
conceal their internal carnage.
As
regards the statement of Mr. Papadopoulos that:
"…the United Nations Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP),
assigned with the task to manage the status quo
inflicted 30 years ago, should remain specific to
the situation on the ground" indicates the
criminal amnesia about the atrocities committed from
1963 to 1974, forgetting even the fact that UNFICYP
has been in the island since 1964 in order to
contain the status quo created by the Greek Cypriots
unsuccessful coup against the bi-national
partnership status of the Republic of Cyprus. Unless
this amnesia is cured and the Greek Cypriot
leadership acknowledges the glaring fact that it is
they who created "the Cyprus problem" and
that it is they who are presenting the
problem as a problem arising (eleven years after the
event) in 1974, there is no hope that "the problem"
can be settled on the false pretence that the Greek
Cypriots are the legitimate government of Cyprus on
their own. The way to open the door for forgiveness,
reconciliation, healing and resolution in Cyprus is
for Greek Cypriots to realise the necessity that
they have to apologize to Turkish Cypriots for what
they have done. Simon Bahceli reported in the
English language Greek Cypriot daily "Cyprus Mail"
on 4 November 2004 that Greek Cypriot film maker and
writer Antonis Angastiniotis said the media has
effectively banned a film he made, portraying the
mass killing of Turkish Cypriots in the villages of
Murata ða
(Maratha), Atlilar (Aloa) and Sandallar (Sandalari)
in 1974. The newspaper quoted Angastiniotis as
saying:
"We claim
European standards, European principles,
European laws, but the TV channels did not even
ask to look at the film…All Turkish Cypriots
know what happened in these villages. It is the
Greek Cypriots who do not…Let’s face it: truth
is truth. As a state you have to be able to face
your faults, your mistakes, your history…The
Greek Cypriot of the neighbouring villages,
along with army personnel attacked the villages.
They shot the children, the mothers and the old
people left in the villages…For me this became a
nightmare because all these years I had been
convinced that everything we had done was
right".
"The accession of Cyprus to the European Union in
conjunction with the lack of an agreement on the
settlement of the Cyprus problem, in spite of our
efforts and our preference for a settlement prior to
accession, signifies the end of an era and the
beginning of a new one" says Mr.
Papadopoulos.
That
half Cyprus has become an EU member; that it is the
Greek Cypriot side who has brought about this
anomalous condition by deceiving the world
(especially the EU and the UN); that they have no
legal mandate to represent the whole island; and
that the era of such deception should end and a new
era based on the proper diagnosis of the problem
should begin is the honest expectation of Turkish
Cypriots who have been on the suffering side of the
coin since 1963.
Mr.
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